Трахтемирівське городище скіфської доби в дніпровському лісостеповому Правобережжі (дослідження та перспективи)

Автор(и)

  • Галина Ковпаненко, канд. іст. наук Інститут археології АН УРСР, Україна
  • Олександр Могилов, канд. іст. наук Інститут археології НАН України, Україна https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2400-2380
  • Наталія Ковпаненко, канд. іст. наук Інститут історії України НАН України, Україна https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2119-7482

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17721/2413-7065.2(99).2026.362510

Ключові слова:

скіфський період, Середнє Подніпров’я, городище, оборонна система, житла, культові об’єкти, поховання, матеріальна культура

Анотація

Актуальність. Трахтемирівське городище, розташоване на Правобережжі Середнього Подніпров’я, є однією з найбільших пам’яток скіфського часу на півдні Східної Європи. Пам’ятка відома дослідникам принаймні з 40-х років XIX ст. Тут проведені масштабні розкопки. Особливо значними були дослідження Г. Т. Ковпаненко. Виявлено численні житлові та господарчі комплекси, культові об’єкти. Отримано інформацію про поховальну обрядовість мешканців городища. Величезний отриманий матеріал не введений до наукового обігу. Це зумовлює необхідність нових досліджень.

Метою статті є характеристика історії досліджень Трахтемирівського городища на Черкащині, з’ясування специфіки вивчення пам’ятки протягом різних історичних періодів. 

Висновки. Трахтемирівське городище скіфського часу входить до Києво-Черкаської локальної групи пам’яток Східноєвропейського Лісостепу. Воно локалізується у Пороській підгрупі пам’яток. Пам’ятка відома в літературі з XIX ст. Для цього часу варто відзначити праці П. Куліша, Ф. Д. де Монтпере, Л. Похилевича, І. Фундуклея, М. Грабовського. Наприкінці XIX ст. перші речі з Трахтемирова попадають до збірок, cформованих В. Антоновичем, М. Бранденбургом. У радянський час Трахтемирівське городище обстежується М. Рудинським, Т. Пассек, О. Тереножкіним, В. Петренко, які встановлюють ранньоскіфський час пам'ятки. Найбільш значні археологічні розкопки на пам'ятці проводить Г. Ковпаненко у 1964–1965 рр. Вченою розкопано понад 3 га площі, досліджено численні житлові та поховальні комплекси. Вони представлені наземними житлами, землянками, виробничими приміщеннями, господарчими ямами. Виявлено культові споруди, вівтарі, дитяче, колективне поховання, кістки у житлових приміщеннях. Знахідки представлені ліпним та імпортним античним посудом, озброєнням, знаряддями праці, деталями вузди, прикрасами. У наступні роки розкопки проводили Є. Максимов, О. Петрашенко, Л. Виногородська, Ю. Болтрик. Отриманий з Трахтемирівського городища матеріал продовжує залишатися не узагальненим. Він потребує окремого монографічного дослідження. Основними завданнями такої роботи мають стати вивчення топографії пам'ятки, її оборонної системи, житлової та господарчої забудови, поховальної обрядовості та господарчої діяльності мешканців, хронології комплексів. А також – місця Трахтемирівського городища у колі синхронних пам'яток Північного Причорномор'я.

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