Формування та розвиток етнічних українців у Криму (кінець XVIII – початок XXI ст.) в сучасній вітчизняній історіографії

Автор(и)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30840/2413-7065.3(80).2021.241577

Анотація

У статті схарактеризовано стан наукових досліджень з історії формування української громади в Криму в кінці XVIII – на початку XXI ст., які з’явилися в 90-ті роки ХХ ст. – на початку ХХІ ст., коли після відродження його автономії настав прорив у дослідженнях різних аспектів кримської історії, та написані на новому, більш високому рівні на принципах історизму, об’єктивності, альтернативності. Саме пострадянський період характеризується широкими науковими дискусіями з історії Криму і перспектив його розвитку. Особливу увагу звернено на аналіз праць, у яких осмислюються дискусійні питання спільної історичної долі України й Криму, розвінчуються міфи про «исконно русский Крым», висвітлюються проблеми вирішення кримського питання у 1917–1920 рр., хронологія походу П. Болбочана, проголошення кримських республік у 1918–1921 рр., проведення більшовиками політики коренізації в Криму, голод 20–30-х років та репресії на півострові, а також партизанська війна у роки Другої світової війни. Автор стверджує, що після 1991 р. з’явилися сотні наукових монографій, статей, захищено десятки дисертацій, проведено ряд наукових конференцій з різних напрямів історії Криму.
Встановлено відсутність комплексного дослідження формування громади українців Криму наприкінці ХVIII – на початку ХХІ ст. Недостатньо з’ясованими є суспільно-політичне, демографічне, господарче становище українців на півострові в часи розвалу Російської імперії та існування на її теренах національних і квазідержавних утворень, а також політика крайових кримських урядів щодо українців та політика урядів УНР та УД щодо захисту українців у Криму, його державної належності тощо. Потребують комплексного аналізу політика України щодо української етнічної спільноти АР Крим та м. Севастополя у 1991–2014 рр., а також окупаційна політика РФ після 2014 р., яка призвела до дискримінації кримських українців та загрози асиміляції частини з них. Анексія Криму, яка відбулася з порушенням Конституцій України і АРК, законів України та загальновизнаних міжнародних правових норм, прав і свобод громадян України, що проживають на території Криму, була заздалегідь підготовленою спецоперацією, однією з ключових складових якої стала інформаційно-пропагандистська політика. Нині маловивченими є проблеми зародження і подолання проросійської ідентичності в Криму на сучасному етапі та вироблення шляхів оптимізації системи державного управління й національної безпеки України.

Біографія автора

Ірина Краснодемська, Науково-дослідний інститут українознавства

кандидат історичних наук, завідувачка відділу історичних студій НДІУ

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2021-10-28

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